Folgendes schreibt Evans 2001, 179f.:
- The NT contains more than sixty references to ruling priests (ἀρχιερεῖς). “Ruling priests” (Hebrew: ראשי הכהנים rāʾšê hakkōhănîm; cf. Neh 12:7; 1QM 2:1) included the current high priest (Hebrew: כהן גדול kōhēn gādôl; Aramaic: כהנא רבא kahănāʾ rabbāʾ; Greek: ὁ ἀρχιερεύς; cf. Josephus, J.W. 5.5.7 §230; Ag. Ap. 2.21 §185; Mark 14:53–65; 1QM 2:1: כוהן הראש kôhēn hārōʾš), the “other priest” who stood ready in the event that the high priest be disqualified (כהן אחר kōhēn ʾaḥar; cf. ̣ṃ Yoma 1:1), retired high priests (ἀρχιερεῖς; cf. John 18:15, 18; Acts 4:6; Josephus, J.W. 2.20.4 §566), a captain of the S 180 temple (סגן sāgān, ὁ στρατηγὸς τοῦ ἱεροῦ; cf. Acts 4:1; y. Yoma 3.8: “The high priest [ כהן גדול kōhēn gādôl] was not nominated to the office unless he had first been captain of the Temple [ סגן sāgān]”)—possibly the equivalent to Qumran’s “deputy” priest (משנה mišnā, 1QM 2:1), and a treasurer of the temple (גזבר gizbār, ὁ γαζοφύλαξ τοῦ ἱεροῦ; cf. Josephus, Ant. 20.8.11 §194). Josephus speaks of their authority and the expectation that Jews will obey them: “With his [the high priest’s] colleagues he will sacrifice to God, safeguard the laws, adjudicate in cases of dispute, punish those convicted of crime. Any who disobey him will pay the penalty as for impiety towards God himself” (Ag. Ap. 2.23 §194).